The Importance of Biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the total variety of life on Earth, or the total variety of life in a given area.
The biodiversity of New York includes all the different species of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms and bacteria living in the state. No one knows the total number of species in New York. There are tens of thousands of species of plants and animals alone (including 4,000 beetles), and more species are being discovered every day. The biodiversity of New York also includes genetic differences among individuals of the same species. Additionally, it includes communities of plants and animals that occur together.
Conserving as many plants and animals as possible is important for the benefit of humans and of other species. Individual species help meet our basic needs; for example:
Animals and plants provide food and materials for clothing, shelter, and fuel.
Insects pollinate crops and control agricultural pests.
Plants produce the oxygen we breathe, and are the source for many medicines.
Microorganisms decompose waste products and recycle nutrients.
Each species is a unique part of our natural world and cannot be replaced if lost. We rely on biodiversity for enjoyment, recreation, and spiritual fulfillment.
Threats to Biodiversity
Today, the most significant threats to New York's biodiversity include:
habitat destruction, alteration and fragmentation;
the spread of invasive species;
pollution;
illegal collection; and
climate change.